I recently came across hypergraphs in short, hypergraphs generalize the concept of an edge to be a relationship across some set of nodes and not just a pair of nodes. There's also directed hypergraphs, which seem to also add in a notion of direction in the sense of having a set of nodes that point to some other set of nodes.

I'm not too familiar with any of the domains where hypergraphs seem to naturally arise, but reading about it gave me some insights on (typed) property graphs. In some ways, I think directed hypergraphs sounds like a "schema" for a property graph, and a hypergraph itself sounds like a way to encode types and properties into the graph structure itself. It's also possible to view building indices over a property graph as constructing a hypergraph.